Developmental Biology, Embryology - Question bank

Paper IX  Developmental Biology, Embryology

Q.1. Multiple choice questions

1. Nutritive material present in egg is called as ……

    a)  Yolk   b) Dutoplasm  c) Both a and b  d)  Only a

2. Egg of fresh water lamprey is of ………

    a) Alecithal  b) Microlecithal  c) Mesolecithal  d) Macrolecithal

3. Polarity of an egg consist of…… poles.

    a)  1  b) 2  c) 3  d) 4

4. In telolecithal egg the yolk is concentrated towards….. poles.

    a) Animal pole  b) Vegetal pole  c) Both a and b  d) Distributed through out    cytoplasm

5. If protective covering shell is absent such eggs are called……..

    a) cleodic  b) Non cleodic  c) Mesolecithal  d) Isolecithal

6. The egg of frog or amphibians is of….

    a) Microlecithal and  Isolecithal

    b) Mesolecithal and Telolecithal

    c)   Macrolecithal and  Telolecithal

    d) Mesolecithal and Centrolecithal

7. The egg of marine lamprey……

    a) Polylecithal  b) Alecithal  c) Microlecithal  d)  Mesolecithal

8. Egg of Birds and Reptiles is of ……..

     a) Microlecithal and  Homolecithal

     b) Macrolecithal and  Telolecithal

    c) Macrolecithal and Centrolecithal

     d) Macrolecithal and  Homolecithal

9. Egg of insect or arthropods are of ………

    a) Homolecithal  b)  Telolecithal  c)  Centrolecithal  d)  Alecithal

10. Egg of mollusca and annelids are…..

    a) Determinate  b) Regulative  c) Mosaic  d) Interminate

11.Egg of amphioxus or mammals ……

    a) Determinate  b) Regulative  c) Mosaic  d) Interminate

12. Chalaza in hen’s egg is useful for ………

    a) Development of ectoderm    b) Development of mesoderm

    c) To keep the ovum in centre  d) Development of ectoderm

13) The egg with shell is known as ……………

   a) Cleiodic egg b) Non- Cleiodic egg c) Mosaic egg d) Regulative egg

14) The egg of Amphioxus is termed as ……….. egg.

   a)Megalecithal b) Microlecithal  c) Macrolecithal d) Polylecithal.

15) Macrolecithal egg is found in …………..

    a) Chick  b) Insect  c) Fish  d) Amphioxus.

Q.2   Solve the question

1. Egg/ ovum

2. Egg of Human

3. Egg of Amphioxus

4. Egg of Frog

5. Egg of Insect

6.Egg of Hen

7. Hypothesis about polarity of egg by child

Q.3 Solve the question

1. Determinate or mosaic egg.

2. Intermidate or regulative egg

Q.4 Solve the question (any one)

1. Types of eggs according to presence of yolk.

2. Explain polarity of egg with suitable examples.

3. Types of eggs according to distribution of yolk.

4. Types of eggs according to presence/absence of shell.

5. Types of eggs on the basis of development.

Q.5 Explain types of eggs you have studied.

Q.6 A) Match the following.

 1) Alecithal                                   A) Large amount of yolk

2) Macrolecithal                             B) Modrate amount of yolk

3) Microlecithal                              C) Absence of yolk

4) Mesolecithal                               D) Little amount of yolk

B) Match the following.

 1) Iso/homolecithal                      A) Yolk concentrated centrally

 2) Centrolecithal                           B) Yolk towards vegetal pole

 3) Telolecithal                              C) Yolk throughout cytoplasm

Cleavage or segmentation

Q. 1 Multiple choice question.

1) Clevage or segmentation division is ……………

  a) Mitotic                                      b) Meiotic

 c) Firstly mitotic & then Meiotic   d) Firstly meiotic & then mitotic

2) Clevage plane is right angle angle to one another cleavage is called…..

  a) Spiral  b) Radial  c)  Bilateral  c) Dextral

3) In spiral cleavage rotational movements of mitotic spindles are anticlockwise then rotation is called ………………

  a) Radial   b) Bilateral  c) Dextral d) Sinistral

4) Smaller sized blastomeres are called ………..

  a) Macromeres  b) Mesomeres  c) Micromeres  d) Megameres

5) Discoidal meroblastic cleavage present in ……….

  a) Mesolecithal & telolecithal          b) Microlecithal & isolecithal

  c) Mesolecithal & Centrolecithal     d) Polylecithal & telolecithal

6) In spiral cleavage rotational movements of mitotic spindles are clockwise then rotation is called……………

  a) Radial  b) Dextral / Dexiotrophic  c) Sinistral  d) Leotrophic

7) Larger sized blastomeres are called ………….

  a) Macromeres  c) Micromeres  c) Mesomeres   d) Oligomeres

8) Superficial meroblastic cleavage occurs in ………..

  a) Isolecithal  b) Telocithal  c) Centrolecithal  d) Polylecithal

9) If one of the blastomere is lost or degenerate during development; then that part is not developed in embryo such cleavage is called………..

  a) Indeterminate  b) Non- determinate  c) Determinate  d) Substituted

10) Readjetment & substitution of blastomeres during development is takes place in ……………

  a) Determinate  b) Indeterminate  c) Non- determinate 

11) When entire egg undergoes cleavage is known as …..

  a) Holoblastic  b) Meroblastic  d) Diblastic  d) Triblastic

12) Amphioxus egg having …. Type of cleavage.

  a) Equal holoblastic b) Meroblastic  c) Superficial  d) Discoidal

13) Holoblastic & unequal cleavage is found in ………

   a) Chick   b) Grasshoper  c) Amphioxus  d) Insects

14) ………. Is a solid mass of cells formed at the end of cleavage in mammals.

  a) Morula   b) Blastula  c) Blastocyst  d) Blastodisc

Q. 2 Answer the following .

    1) cleavage or segmentation   2) Blastomeres 

     3) Radial cleavage                 4) Bilateral cleavage

     5) Superficial cleavage

Q. 3 Answer the following.

   1) Spiral cleavage                    2) Holoblastic cleavage  

   3) Determinate cleavage          4) Discoidal cleavage

Q. 4 Write short notes on.

   1) Types of cleavages according to concept of potency or fate of blastomere.

   2) Types of cleavages according to patterns of symmetry of blastomeres.

   3) Types of cleavages according to presence & distribution of yolk.

Q.5 what is mean by segmentation ? How it occurs in different way. 
     Explain briefly.
Faetal membranes in Chick

1) Chorio- allantois in case of mammals is does not perform the …… functions.

   a) Respiration   b) Excretion  c) Nutrition  d) Fertilization

2)……….. works as lungs of the Chick embryo.

  a) Yolk sac   b) Amnion  c) Chorion  d) Allentoic

3)……… is the major nutritive foetal membrane in chick embryo.

  a) Allentois   b) Chorion  c) Yolk sac  d) Amnion

4) The roll of yolk sac during embryonic development…….

   a) Protective   b) Excretory   c) Nutritive d) respiratory

5) Main function of allentois is storage of …… in chick.

  a) Glycogen  b) Lipid  c) Yolk   d) Excretory product

6) Amnion & Chorion develops from …….

   a) Somatopleure   b) Splanchnopleure  c) Both a & b d) None of these

7) Allentois & yolk sac develops from ……….

  a) Splanchnopleure  b) Somatopleure c) Both a & b d) None of these

8) Somatopleure is made up of …..

  a) Ectoderm + Somatic mesoderm  b) Endoderm + Splanchnic mesoderm

  c) Endoderm + Splanchnic mesoderm d) Endoderm + Somatic mesoderm 

9) Splanchnopleure is made up of …………..

a) Ectoderm + Somatic mesoderm  b) Endoderm + Splanchnic mesoderm

  c) Endoderm + Splanchnic mesoderm d) Endoderm + Somatic mesoderm 

10) Foetal membranes develops ……

    a) outside the body of embryo b) inside the body of embryo

c) outside as well as inside the body of embryo  d) All the above

11) Foetal membranes are…… essential for development of embryo.

    a) Partial  b) Absolutely  c) Sometime parietal  d) None of these

12) Which of the following is not foetal membrane…

  a) Amnion & Chorion  b) Allentois  c) Yolk sac  d) Blasto disc

13) Chorion consists of …… layer.

  a) Outer ectoderm & inner mesoderm  b) outer mesoderm & inner ectoderm

14) Amnion consist of …….. layer.

  a) Outer ectoderm & inner mesoderm  b) outer mesoderm & inner ectoderm

15) Alentois consist of ……… layer.

    a) outer mesoderm & inner endoderm b) outer endoderm & inner mesoderm

16) Yolk sac consist of …….. layer.

17) False amnion is also called as ……

    a) chorion b) Yolk sac  c)serous membrane or chorion d) Allentois yolk sac

18) Which foetal membrane acts as a embryonic urinary bladder.

   a) chorion b) Allentois  c) Yolk sac   d) amnipn

19) Vascular foetal membrane…………………..

   a) Chorion & amnion  b) chorion  c) Amnion  d) allentois & yolk

20) Non- Vascular foetal membrane…………………..

     a) allentoic & yolk sac b) Chorion & amnion   c) Allentois d) yolk sac

21) Yolk sac is not found in …..

   a) Amphioxus  b) Chick  c) Birds  d) Mammals

22) Yolk sac serves as liver to perform biochemical reaction.

 Q. 2 1) What are foetal membranes? Name them.

         2) Amnion           3) Chorion          4) Allentois          5) Yolk sac

         6) Functions of chorion, amnion, yolk sac,allentois.

Q. 3 Discus structure & functions of allantois.

Q. 4 What are foetal membranes ? Give detail account on any two foetal membrane.

Placenta in Mammal

1) Viral & bacterial infection of placenta is known as……

  a) Syphis  b) Placentitis  c) Dermatitis  d) Appenditis

2) All six barrier tissues are present in ……

  a) Endothelio - Chorial placenta  b) Haemo – chorial placenta

  c) Epithelio – chorial placenta      d) Haemoendothelial placenta

  e) Syndesmo – chorial placenta

3) …….. type of placenta is found in human.

   a) Chorial  b) Yolk sac  c) amnion  d) Allentoic

4) Villi distributed in girdles or circles on the surface of blastocyst, then the placenta is said to be. ……..

   a) Diffused  b) Discoidal  c) Zonary   d) Cotyledonary

5) Placenta is found in ………..

   a) Fishes  b) Amphibian  c) Aves  d) Mammlas

6) Physiological connection between mother & developing embryo in mammal is ……………

  a) Placenta   b)  Foetal membrane  c) Notochord  d) Mesoderm

7) Placenta is ……..

  a) Non- vascular  b) Vascular  c) Hihghly vascular  d) some places vascular & some places non- vascular.

8) Placenta is formed in ………..

    a)Prototheria  b)Metatheria  c) Eutheria  d) Both b & c

9) A true placenta develops from ……..

  a) Chorion   b) Amnion  c) Allentois  d) Yolk sac

10) In marsupial which type of placenta is found ……….

   a) Yolk sac placenta  b) Allentoic placenta c) Chorionic placenta d) Both a & b

11) During parturition bleeding is not takes then the placenta is ………..

   a) Deciduos  b) Non deciduos  c) Contradeciduate

12) During parturition bleeding is takes the placenta is ………..

13) In man which type of implantation is seen………..

  a) Central  b) Concentric  c) Interstitial  d)Ecentric

14) Ecentric type of implantation is seen………..

   a) Rat & Squirrel  b) Carnivorous  c) Monkey  d) Bats & Apes

15) In placenta if the allentois is not present , it is called as……

    a) Chorionic  b) Allentoic  c) Chorio – vitelline

16) Diffuse placenta occurs in ……..

    a) Rat  b) Pig  c) Horse  d) Both a & c

Q. 2  1) Significance of placenta or positive roll of placenta in development.

         2) Chorial placenta.

 Q. 5 Describe different types of placenta in Mammals & state their significance.

Gametogenesis & Fertilization

1) Spermatogonium of the human normaly contains chromosomes .

  a) 42      b) 44    c) 45     d) 46

2) Fertilizin is chemically …….. in nature.

   a) Glycoprotein  b)  Lipid  c) Carbohydrates  d) Steroids

3) The process of formation of egg  is called as………..

   a) Spermatogenesis  b) Mitosis  c) Oogenesis   d) Spermatogenesis

4) The process of formation of sperm is called as…….

 5) External fertilization is seen in ……….

   a) Amphioxus  b) Birds  c) Mammals  d) Insect

6)The process in which non- motile spermatids are converted in to motile sperms is called ……………

   a) Spermeogenesis  b) Gametogenesis  c) Spermatogenesis  d) Oogenesis

7) Primary spermatocyte is ………..

  a) Diploid  b) Haploid  c) Haploid as well as Diploid  d) All of these

8) Secondary oocyte is ………..

9) Egg contain a chemical substance known as ………….

  a) Fertilizin   b) Antifertilizin  c) Both a & b 

10) Sperm contain a chemical substance known as.

11) After fertilization membrane is formed to prevent entry of another sperm is known as or polyspermy is avoided by………….

   a) Egg membrane  b)Fertilization membrane  c) Plasma membrane  d) Vitelline membrane

12) …….. modify to form acrosome of sperm.

  a) Mitochondria  b) Golgi complex  c) Ribosomes  d) Nucleus

13) During fertilization …….. of sperm dissolves membranes of egg.

   a) Nucleus  b) Plasma membrane  c) Acrosome  d) Middle piece

14) Amphimixis means union of…..

  a) Male nucleus & Female nucleus     b) Male pronucleus & Female pronucleus

  c) Male nucleus & Female pronucles  d) Male pronucleus & Female nucleus 

15) In mammals , the surface of oocyte is drawnout into numerous microvilli. This area is called …………..

    a) Zona radiata   b) Chorna radiata    c) Zona pellucida  d) Zona opaca

16) In oogenesis how many polar bodies are formed at the end of miotic division….

  a) 2  b) 3  c) 4  d) None

17) Vitelline membrane is ………

     a) Primary  b) Secondary  c) Tertairy   d) Quaternary egg membrane.

18) Tertairy egg membrane are formed by ………..

   a) Oviduct  b)  Ovum   c) Follicle cells  d)  b & c

19) The size of ovum is dependent upon……………

    a) Amount of yolk  b) Size of animal  c) size of ovary  d) b & c

20) The vegetal pole of the ovum is the side……..

  a) Attached to ovary  b) Where nucleus lies c) Apposite to the side of attachment to ovary 

21) Primordial germ cells originate from …………..

   a) Germinal epithelium  b) Endoderm   c) Both  d) None

22) In the testes androgens are produced by ……

   a) Sertoli cells   b) Intrstitial cells  c) Spermatocytes d) Sperm mother cells

23) The end product of spermatogenesis are …………

   a) Spermatozoa   b)  Spermatocytes  c) Spermatids  d) Secondary spermatocytes

24) Mitochondria are concentrated in the spermatids & form the following parts of the sperm…..

  a) Neck & middle piece  b) middle piece & the distal part of the tail

  c) Neck     d) middle piece

25) The distal centriole in the neck of spermatozoa gives rise to …….

   a) Axial filament   b) Middle piece  c) Mitochindrial sheath  d) a & b

26) An example of non – flagellate sperm is ……

  a) Man  b) Rat  c) Ascaris   d) Frog

27) Size of ovum in mammals is …….

   a) 1- 2 mm  b) 50 um. C) 40,000 um  d) 200 um

28) In vertebrates yolk is synthesized in ……

    a) Mitochindria of oocytes  b) Fat bodies  c) Liver of mother  d) Both a & b

29) Mammalian sperm was discovered by ……….

   a) Hertwig  b) Karl Von Baer  c) Schawn   d) Speman

30) What is essential for the motility of sperm…….

   a) Head  b) Middle piece  c) Tail  d) Acrosome

31) How many sperms & ova will be produced from 25 primary spermatocytes & 25 primary oocytes respectively……

     a) 100 sperms & 50 ova     b) 100 sperms & 100 ova 

     c) 50 sperms & 50 ova        d) 100 sperms & 25 ova

32) The arrangement of microtubules in the sperm tail is …..

    a) 9 + 0  b) 9 + 2 c) 7 + 2  d) 7 + 0

33) In a mammalian sperm spirally arranged mitochondria around the axial filament are present in the …….

     a) Middle piece  b) Head  c) End piece of tail  d) Principal piece of tail.

34) One of the fundamental requirement for the encounter of spermatozoa & egg during fertilization iss…….

      a) Fluid medium  b) Dry medium  c) Gelly like medium d) None

35) In case of eggs with very thick & registant membranes the sperm reach the eggs & penetrate through a sepial canal known as ……

     a) Fertilization canal  b) Micropyle  c)  Fertilization cone  d) Fertilization point

36) Sperm head penetrates the corona radiate with the help of a substance by acrosome known as ……..

    a) Lyase  b) Glucuronidase  c) hyaluronidase  d) Urease

37) The cytoplasm of egg bulges forword at the point of contact of acrosome tubule & egg plasma membrane this is called as …..

   a) Micropyle  b) Fertilization cone  c) Fertilization point d)Penitration point

38) The metabolic reactions of the fertilized egg become activated by the formation of a chemical substance……………

      a) Cyclic AMP  b) Cyclic GMP c) ATP  d) Creatine phosphate

39) If  many spermatozoa succed in penetrating the ovum , the condition is …….

   a) Polyspermy  b) Monospermy  c) Twin formation  d) Multiple births

40) Polar bodies ………. Similar to mature ovum.

   a) Morphologically  b) Physically  c) Genetically  d) Chemically

41) Entry of sperm into the ovum causes ………

   a) Cortical reaction  b) Fertilization membrane formation

  c) second maturation division  d) All

42) During fertilization,  the male & female pronucleus migrate & fuse near the………

    a) Animal pole  b) Vegetal pole   c) Center of egg   d) Equater

Q. 2 1) Oogenesis

        2) spermatogenesis

        3) Vitellogenesis

        4) Internal & external fertilization

         5) Cortical reaction (fertilization membrane)

         6) Amphimixis

Q.3 1) Significance of Spermatogenesis ,oogenesis, fertilization.

       2) Activation of egg.

      3) Define gametogenesis.

      4) Acrosome reaction during fertilization.

      5) Mechanism of fertilization

Q. 5 1) Fertilizin – antifertilizin reaction.

        2) Explain the process of spermatogenesis.

        3) Explain the process of oogenesis.

        4) Describe the fertilization process .

Development of Amphioxus

1) Smallest spermatozoan is recorded in ………….  (2010)

a)  Frog  b)  Chick  c)  Amphioxus  d)  Human

2) Chorda cells of Amphioxus blastula develops into ………

a) Nerve cord  b) Notochord  c) Coelom  d)  Mesoderm

Q.2  Sperms of Amphioxus (2010-2014)

1)  Formation of nerve cord and notochord of amphioxus. (2010-2014)

2) Coelom formation in amphioxus.(2012)

3) Blastula of amphioxus. Describe in brief.(2012-13,15,16)

4) Gastrulation in amphioxus. (2014)

CHICK EMBRYOLOGY

1) Hensen’s node of chick embryo is also called as …….. (2010)

a) Somite  b) Primitive knot  c) Achenteron  d) Gastropore

2) ………. Is fully formed at 18-19 hrs  of incubation in chick embryo. (2010)

a) Gut  b)  Notochord  c) Primitive streak  d)  Nerve cord

3) First pair of somite appear in chick embryo after ……… hrs of incubation. (2012)

a) 16 b) 18  c) 21  d) 25

4) Primitive streak appears at about ….. hrs of incubation in chick embryo.(2012)

a)  1  b)  2  c)  4  d)  8

5) In chick ovum, centrally presaent a mass of white yolk called…..  (2012)

a) Chalaza  b) Latebra  c) Blastodisc  d) Nucleus of pander

6) Excretory and vascular system develop from…..

a) Ectoderm  b) Endoderm  c) Chordomesoderm  d) Mesoderm

7)Primitive streak is fully formed at ….. hrs incubation.

a) 24  b) 48  c) 72  d) 18

8) ….. provides water and protein to chick embryo.

a) Albumin b) Lipids  c) ATP  d) Carbohydrate

9) In chick embryo somites develop into …….

a) Brain  b) Vertebral column  c) Kidney  d) Lungs

10) 12 to 13 pairs of somites are found in chick embryo of about….. hrs

a) 33  b) 20  c) 28  d) 48

11) Blastodisc is observed in egg of …..

a)  Frog  b)  Chick  c)  Amphioxus  d)  Insect

12) In chick hatching occurs after about … days

a) 21  b) 28  c) 35  d) 42

13) The broad end of hens egg shows presence of…..

a) Air space  b) Albumin  c) Yolk  d) Water

14) ….. pairs of somites are found in chick embryo of about 24 hrs stage.

a) 4  b) 8  c) 12  d) 10

15) The coelomic cavity, gastrocoel is also termed as …….

a) Blastocoel  b) Stomodaeum  c) Archenteron  d) Coelenteron

16) During embryonic development of a chick archenteron is develops into ….

a) Notochord  b) Nerve cord  c) Alimentary canal  d) coelom

17) During embryonic development of chick beating of heart starts at …. Hrs of incubation

a) 24  b) 48  c) 29  d) 72

18) Somite of chick embryo develops into ……..

a) Endoskeleton  b) Kidney  c) Lungs  d) Gut

19) Protein content of a yolk of hens egg is ……

a)14  b)16.6%  c)18.5%  d) 20%

20) Fertilization takes place in ……

a) Upper oviduct  b) Lower oviduct  c) Magnum  d) Isthmus

21) The head of the sperm of the cock is ….

a) Cylindrical  b) Spindle shaped  c) Oval  d) Round

Q.2  1) Somites ( epimeres) of chick embryo.(2010-13)

2) Sperm of chick.(2015)

3) Shell of hens egg.

4) Fate map.(2016)

The mesomers or epimeres or somites develops into excretory organ of the embryo.

1) Describe the structure of 48 hrs chick embryo.(2010-16)

2) Describe the formation of heart of chick embryo up to 72 hrs incubation.(2012)

3) Describe the formation of primitive streak in chick embryo.(2012)

4) State the function of albumin present in the egg of fowl.(2012)

5) Describe in detail gastrulation in chick.(2013)

6) Describe the chick embryo 72 hrs incubation.(2014)

7) Describe the structure of 24 hrs chick embryo (2015)